{"product_id":"latvia-offshore-company","title":"Latvia Offshore Company","description":"\u003ch1\u003eLatvia Offshore Company Formation\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEstablish your international company in Latvia within 3–4 days\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStart your company formation in Latvia from 2,150 USD (reduced to 1,950 USD).\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaul Kappel Consulting LTD supports entrepreneurs and international investors with the professional establishment of a company in Latvia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe guide you through the entire company registration process, assist with the preparation of all necessary documents, and help you build an efficient international company structure within the European Union.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Company Formation in Latvia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProfessional advice for entrepreneurs, investors, and international companies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eOverview – Establish an Offshore Company in Latvia\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLatvia is one of the most economically stable countries in the Baltic region and offers international entrepreneurs an attractive location for establishing a company within the European Union.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe country boasts an open economy, modern infrastructure, and strong trade relations with numerous European and international markets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a member of important international organizations such as the European Union (EU), NATO, the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the OECD, Latvia offers high economic stability and international recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompany formation in Latvia provides access to the European single market and opens up numerous opportunities for international business models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaul Kappel Consulting LTD assists you with Latvia Company Formation and guides you through all necessary steps of registration and structuring.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eAdvantages of Company Formation in Latvia\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAccess to the European Single Market\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThrough its membership in the European Union since 2004, Latvia offers companies direct access to one of the world's largest economic areas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA company in Latvia enables business relationships within Europe and facilitates trade with important markets such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eEstonia\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eLithuania\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eother EU member states\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis makes Latvia particularly suitable for companies looking to expand their international presence within Europe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eSimple and Digital Company Formation\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompany formation in Latvia is comparatively straightforward and efficient.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEntrepreneurs benefit from:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eclear registration processes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003emodern digital administration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eelectronic signature options\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003epartially or fully online-based procedures\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith a Latvian electronic signature or a recognized EU ID, the formation can be carried out digitally.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eAccess to Special Economic Zones\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLatvia has several Special Economic Zones (SEZs) that offer attractive benefits to businesses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese economic areas were created to promote international investment and business settlement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamples:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eRiga Special Economic Zone\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003elogistics companies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003etechnology companies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eindustrial production\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eLatgale Special Economic Zone\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticularly interesting for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003esmall and medium-sized enterprises\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003emanufacturing companies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003einfrastructure projects\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eTax Advantages and Efficient Corporate Structures\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLatvia offers a modern tax system with interesting opportunities for international companies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA significant advantage is that reinvested corporate profits are not subject to classic corporate income tax under certain conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompanies can use profits, for example, for the following purposes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003emarketing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eresearch and development\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ecompany growth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003efurther investments\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis makes Latvia an attractive option for growth-oriented companies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eCost-Efficient Company Formation within the EU\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to many other European countries, Latvia offers a cost-effective way to establish an EU company.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormation costs at Paul Kappel Consulting LTD start from 1,950 USD and include, among other things:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003epreparation of formation documents\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eassistance with registration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003edocument review\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ecompliance support\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eModern Banking and Financial Infrastructure\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLatvia has a modern financial system and is a member of the Eurozone.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdvantages of a Latvian company:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003estable currency through the euro\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eaccess to international financial services\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003epossibility of multi-currency accounts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003einternational business transactions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis allows companies to conduct international payments more easily and manage global trade relations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eTypes of Companies for Formation in Latvia\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVarious company forms are available for Latvia Company Formation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eLimited Liability Company (SIA)\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Limited Liability Company (Sabiedrība ar Ierobežotu Atbildību – SIA) is the most popular company form in Latvia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is particularly suitable for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003einternational entrepreneurs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003etrading companies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003econsulting companies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eservice companies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCharacteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003elimited liability of shareholders\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003enatural and legal persons can be shareholders\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e100% foreign ownership possible\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eminimum capital generally 2,800 EUR\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Small-Capital SIA can be established under certain conditions with lower capital.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eJoint Stock Company (Akciju sabiedrība)\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Joint Stock Company is suitable for larger companies with more extensive capital structures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCharacteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ecapital divided into shares\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eshares can be publicly offered\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003esuitable for larger corporate projects\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eminimum capital 25,000 EUR\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eGeneral Partnership (Pilnsabiedrība)\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA General Partnership is a business form for two or more partners.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCharacteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ejoint business activity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003epartners are personally and unlimitedly liable\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003esuitable for certain professional business models\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eLimited Partnership (Komandītsabiedrība)\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Limited Partnership combines partners with different liabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructure:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eat least one partner with limited liability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eother partners can have unlimited liability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eliability depends on participation and role\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eBranch of a Foreign Company\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA foreign company can open a branch in Latvia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis branch:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eacts on behalf of the parent company\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eis not an independent legal entity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eis legally supported by the parent company\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eSole Proprietorship (Individuālais komersants)\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sole proprietorship is run by a single person.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCharacteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003efull control by the owner\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003esimple structure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003epersonal unlimited liability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegistration as a sole proprietor may be required if certain turnover or employment thresholds are exceeded.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eRequirements for a Limited Liability Company (SIA) in Latvia\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\n\u003cth\u003eFeature\u003c\/th\u003e\n\n\u003cth\u003eDetails\u003c\/th\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eRegistered Business Address\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eRequired, virtual offices possible\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eLocal Director\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eNot required\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eForeign Ownership\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003e100% possible\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eShareholders\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eMinimum 1 person or company\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eAnnual Meeting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eMandatory\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eAccounting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eMandatory\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eFiling of Annual Accounts\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eRequired\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eMinimum Capital\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003e2,800 EUR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eSmall-Capital SIA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\u003ctd\u003eFormation partially possible from 1 EUR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003ePopular Industries in Latvia\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLatvia is particularly suitable for companies in the following sectors:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003econstruction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003einformation technology\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003efinancial services\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003econsulting\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003etrade\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003etourism\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ee-commerce\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003einternational services\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eLatvian Company Formation Process\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaul Kappel Consulting LTD guides you through the entire formation process:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e1. Consultation and Selection of the Appropriate Corporate Structure\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of your business model and planning of the optimal company form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2. Submission of Required Documents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreparation and review of all necessary documents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3. Registration of the Company in Latvia\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOfficial registration with the competent authorities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4. Additional Services\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOptional additional services can be utilized:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003esupport with international banking solutions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ecorporate documents\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003estrategic structuring\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e5. Receipt of Your Company Documents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter successful registration, you will receive your complete corporate package.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e6. Start Your International Business Activities\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYour Latvian company is ready for international activities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eRequired Documents for Latvia Company Formation\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following documents may be required for formation:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCertified passport copies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eProof of residential address\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eProof of source of funds\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eApplication form\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDetailed business plan\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurriculum Vitae (CV)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003ePaul Kappel Consulting LTD – Your Partner for International Company Formation\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaul Kappel Consulting LTD supports entrepreneurs in the professional implementation of international corporate structures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur services:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eEU company formation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInternational company formations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eHolding structures\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAsset Protection concepts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCorporate structuring\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInternational business planning\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStart your international company in Latvia with professional advice and a strategic corporate structure.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Paul Kappel Vermögensmanagement Consulting LTD.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48606383308992,"sku":null,"price":1000.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/kappel-partner.de\/en\/products\/latvia-offshore-company","provider":"PAUL KAPPEL CONSULTING©","version":"1.0","type":"link"}